Archive for the ‘Property Management’ Category

High metal prices have rats coming out of their holes

Tuesday, May 1st, 2012

The demand for brass and copper has outstripped the supply causing scrape metal prices to soar to all-time highs.  The combination of a struggling economy that has left millions of people without work and soaring scrape prices has created
a problem for both commercial property and home owners.  Scrape metal thieves are stripping anything that contains brass and copper from both unoccupied and occupied buildings.  These thieves are so brazen that they will even remove back-flow preventers during the middle of the day.  With the high metal prices the rats have been coming out of their holes.

To some readers the theft of back-flow devices may be news but to me as a property owner and manager who has personally experienced these thefts so many times that I can’t count them all on two hands it is getting old very fast.  Recently thieves were so bold as to steal the back-flow device and cage that I’d installed to protect the device as if to send a message that I couldn’t stop regardless of what I did to try.  Furious at this latest theft I’m now looking for a trap big enough to catch these rats.

It is my understanding that a back-flow preventer brings about $250 on the scrape market but, as I’ve experienced, will cost anywhere from $2,000 – $6,000 to replace.  Certainly a very profitable two minutes work for the thief but an extremely high price to the victim.  With all of these back-flow devices being stolen why hasn’t someone started to manufacture a device from some other material that may have little or no scrape value.  More to the point, why aren’t law enforcement offices visiting scrape dealers and questioning the stack of operational back-flow devices they have in their possession?

I do believe there is another solution which may not help those individuals who already have a back-flow device installed but would help those who are purchasing a back-flow device today.  Require back-flow device manufactures to place an identification number on the device and for the plumbers who install the device to then register that number with the proper department within the municipality.  The benefit will be that municipality will then have an accurate record of the device so they can keep of units needing annual inspections and law enforcement will have a way to identify scrape yards that a trafficking in stolen goods.  The perfect rat trap.

Edward Boyle

CEO, Employing Broker

Katchen Company

Katchen Company, founded in 1962, is an integrated real estate company with its corporate headquarters in Lakewood, Colorado.  The company offers real estate development, redevelopment, property management, brokerage, consulting services, construction oversight and maintenance services to individual and institutional real estate investors throughout the greater Denver metropolitan area in Denver with satellite offices in Chicago, Las Vegas and Miami market areas.

Thirteen million one hundred thousand people unemployed in US and I can’t find an employee!?

Tuesday, January 24th, 2012

That’s right, strange as it may seem, I’ve been looking for months to hire an on-site apartment manager with some maintenance skills and an apartment maintenance technician.  You would think with so many people out of work in this country that there would be a long line of qualified applicants for these two positions but there doesn’t seem to be.  To make it even more difficult, there is a lot of alcohol and drug abuse amongst the people who gravitate towards on-site apartment community positions.  I not only need to find a qualified candidate, I must also find a sober candidate.  The question for most property management firms has been how to attract and retain the most qualified candidates. While I’m struggling to make these hires today I’ve been pretty successful in locating candidates in the past.

To find qualified candidates a property management firm must go beyond advertising in the newspaper or on Internet employment message boards.  While these do draw applicants, most of the people who do send in resumes will have little or no experience.  Usually, with such advertising you will attract people who are trying to transition from one industry to another and who have hopes that their skills will be transferable as well.  Unfortunately, it is very seldom that a person who does maintenance in an office building or hotel will be qualified to do make readies in an apartment community.   Likewise, a manager in any other discipline will not have the skill set to manage an apartment community.

To find qualified candidates for apartment communities you must go into the communities themselves.  Sometimes, this is a covert action with a visit to a community to look at what is available for lease.  While the manager is showing the units, conversation is steered towards their job and whether they are happy.  Hypothetical questions can be asked about the “what if a new position were to come available”.  It is not unusual for a leasing prospect to ask to speak with the on-site maintenance person.  This offers similar possibilities to interact and see if the person “is looking”.  A lease covert way is to have staff members start calling apartment communities and introducing themselves and their firm and then directly asking if the on-site staff knows of anybody who might be looking for a community position.  The immediate answer is usually no, but within a few days there are always some returning calls wanting to know more about the position.

Blogs, Twitter and Facebook can be a great help when networking to find qualified prospects.  Think of the number of people who are reached with each of these postings.  Another way to locate good prospects is to network with your peers.
If you belong to an apartment association you can always attend functions and mention your need while socializing with others.  Other alternatives to this are networking groups like the Chamber of Commerce or Rotary Club.  More removed from the industry but still a good possibility is discussions with friends and family since people in their spheres of influence may have been networking with them looking for leads on employment.

The final way to locate a qualified candidate is to enlist the aid of a placement service.  There are several in the industry that specialize in the placement of apartment community personnel.  While there is a cost associated with this and some apartment community owners are adverse to spending money to locate help, it is in some cases the only viable way to locate the appropriate candidate.

Edward Boyle

CEO, Employing Broker

Katchen Company

Katchen Company, founded in 1962, is an integrated real estate company with its corporate headquarters in Lakewood, Colorado.  The company offers real estate development, redevelopment, property management, brokerage, consulting services, construction oversight and maintenance services to individual and institutional real estate investors throughout the greater Denver metropolitan area in Denver with satellite offices in Chicago, Las Vegas and Miami market areas.

Thirty percent of US population arrested by age twenty-three!!!

Tuesday, December 20th, 2011

Perusing the newspaper last night I came across an article heading stating that thirty percent of the United States population had been arrested at least once by the age of twenty-three.  While I read no further to find the basis of this disheartening fact I nodded knowingly as I am only too aware of these statistics.  Owning a real estate firm that provides property management services to apartment communities has exposed me to the realities of the world in which we live.  Through the background reports on prospective residents I have been surprised, astonished and at time appalled by peoples rental, credit and criminal histories.

Therein lays a dilemma for anyone who is responsible for determining the acceptability of an applicant for residency.  Access to this very personal information comes with great risk and responsibility.  The information within a background report could not only harm the applicant’s financial wellbeing but also alter the public’s opinion of the applicant if the documents were to get into a dubious individuals possession.  While rules and regulations are in place to govern who can gain access to background information, how those individuals use the information obtained and how that information is then secured it is not very well monitored.

For apartment community owners who self-manage, they take on the whole risk of securing these documents and for those who hire a third-party property management firm they share the risk.  This shared risk makes it even more important
that the property owner to know how their property management firm is using and controlling the documents.  As an agent for the property owner the management firm is performing services on behalf of the owner and the owner is directly responsible for any actions taken by the management firm.  For this reason an owner should take precautions to protect themselves by hiring only experienced professional property management and then hiring a consulting firm to audit the
management firm on a yearly basis.

Edward Boyle

CEO, Employing Broker

Katchen Company

Katchen Company, founded in 1962, is an integrated real estate company with its corporate headquarters in Lakewood, Colorado.  The company offers real estate development, redevelopment, property management, brokerage, consulting services, construction oversight and maintenance services to individual and institutional real estate investors throughout the greater Denver metropolitan area in Denver with satellite offices in Chicago, Las Vegas and Miami market areas.

An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure.

Tuesday, December 13th, 2011

Ben Franklin’s quote, “An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure”, is familiar to most of us and while we may not think about it as we go about our everyday lives we most likely embrace the concept to some extent.  The most common area where we practice an ounce of prevention is in the periodic maintenance that we perform on new vehicles.  Oil changes, lubrications, tire rotations and tune-ups are performed to the manufactures specifications in order to maintain the new vehicles warranty.  Once the warranty period has passed some of us diligently continue to observe the manufactures specification for service while others through lack of discipline or interest ignore continued preventative maintenance.  It has been proven that those who continued to maintain their vehicles experience better gas mileage and fewer costly repairs than those who we less diligent, certainly proving out the theory that “An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure”.

While preventative measures are cost effective in our personal lives they can also save our businesses money.  My boutique real estate firm experiences firsthand the ramifications that differed maintenance has, as we try to help property owners reposition their ailing investment.  The cost to the property owner is not only through premature major repairs but also less revenue as it is much hard to obtain and retain tenants in a deteriorating property.

I realize that property owner’s hands are filled with other business obligations and the last thing they want to be focusing on is preventative maintenance.  Fortunately there are alternatives to a property owner self-managing their property.  Professional property management and maintenance companies offer a wide spectrum of services to help with every aspect of investment property ownership so that a property owner can focus on their key business.  While some owners
balk at the idea of investing in professional services because of the costs associated with it others appreciate the freedom that it gives them to pursue other business ventures.  As with all business decision there should be a cost benefit analysis performed when considering outsourcing professional services.  If an owner considers the opportunity cost of self-managing I believe they will conclude that bringing in a professional property management and maintenance company is
a sound investment.  An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure.

Edward Boyle

CEO, Employing Broker

Katchen Company

Katchen Company, founded in 1962, is an integrated real estate company with its corporate headquarters in Lakewood, Colorado. The company offers real estate development, redevelopment, property management, brokerage, consulting services, construction oversight and maintenance services to individual and institutional real estate investors throughout the greater Denver metropolitan area in Denver with satellite offices in Chicago, Las Vegas and Miami market areas.

Preachers, teachers and lawyers …

Tuesday, December 6th, 2011

You may be wondering what preachers, teachers and lawyers have in common and why I would choose to use them as a title for a blog.   The only real thing that they have in common is that my World War II veteran father use to say never trust preachers, teachers and lawyers.  Hardened by the war my father was pretty skeptical and opinionated.  However, he was too far off the mark about preachers as we seen played out over the years on the news.  You know the type, preach about some commandment on Sunday and then break the commandment on Monday.  My father really didn’t have much respect for teachers either.  He would say, “Those that can do and those that can’t teach.”  While I found what he said funny I really didn’t understand why he wouldn’t trust a teacher.  That was, until I had a child of my own.  It was at that point that I understood why my father had his concerns.  What he meant was never trust you child’s upbringing to a teacher.  If a parent wants their child to have sound principles and values they need to take a leadership role and not leave such matters to a teacher’s discretion.  What can I say about a lawyer which hasn’t already been said?  Probably nothing, suffice it to say that my father felt if a lawyer was involved in a dispute the only person who was going to win was the lawyer.

So how does all of this relate to business and more precise, the real estate business?  I believe the topic is preconceived notions and trust.  It is obvious that my father had preconceived ideas about preachers, teachers and lawyers and decided that they couldn’t be trusted.  However, in the real estate business there isn’t that luxury, one has to avoid any preconceived notions, i.e. prejudices when dealing with the general public.  It is not just good business practice, in some cases it is the law.  Enough said.  Trust is a little more difficult to address because the term is thrown around loosely by real estate professionals when they talk about making business decisions.  For instance, looking at a prospective tenant’s application to rent a property, the property owner questions whether they can trust the prospective tenant to make timely payment of the rent each month.  A review of the prospective tenant’s credit history may provide the answer and if not, a call to a previous landlord may help.  So, the question really isn’t one of trusting the prospective tenant even though that may be the word used in conversation.  The question is whether the prospective tenant qualifies based upon a set of criteria that was established prior to marketing the property.  Based upon that information is there a pattern of practice that would lead the property owner to believe the rent will be paid.  The credit information is history and doesn’t foretell the future, so perhaps when a property owner signs a lease contract with a prospective tenant they are indeed trusting that they will pay the rent.

Edward Boyle

CEO, Employing Broker

Katchen Company

Katchen Company, founded in 1962, is an integrated real estate company with its corporate headquarters in Lakewood, Colorado. The company offers real estate development, redevelopment, property management, brokerage, consulting services, construction oversight and maintenance services to individual and institutional real estate investors throughout the greater Denver metropolitan area in Denver with satellite offices in Chicago, Las Vegas and Miami market areas.

Watch what you wish for … you just might get it.

Tuesday, October 25th, 2011

This summer was unseasonably hot in Denver and at several points I heard people commenting that they couldn’t wait for winter to arrive so that it would cool down.  The cool down is about to occur with a snow storm fast approaching the metro area setting into motion a drop in temperatures by 50 degrees and 6 – 12 inches of snow left in its wake.  I’m already hearing the grumbling of people as they anticipate tomorrow’s morning commute and I’m sure those grumbles will turn into more colorful language as people shovel themselves out over the next several days.  This whole scenario reminds me of what my dad always use to say to me, “Watch what you wish for … you just might get it.”

Over decades of work I’ve seen the same type of events play out again and again in business settings. There is the troublesome client who we wish we’d never chosen to take on.  However, we’ve become accustom to the income their business bring to the bottom line and are unwilling to terminate the relationship.  One day, without notice we unexpectedly receive a call from this client who informs us that they are moving their business to a different company.  Shock turns to anger and is replaced by disappointment as we face the realization of losing the client.  Watch what you wish for … you just might get it.

A few years back the economy was moving so fast that we were overwhelmed with all the business and wishing that things would slow down so that we could catch our breath and enjoy the proceeds of our labor.  The next thing we know business is starting to slow down and we are elated at first only to become worried as business declines further and then panicked as business turns into a trickle.  Watch what you wish for … you just might get it.

Through the study of history we’ve learned that events repeat themselves and we are destined to face the same challenges and make the same mistakes if we don’t learn from them.  I believe now is a good time for business owners to look at their past business decisions and learn from them as we head into a new business cycle.  I for one have promised to work harder and play less during the next business cycle if I have the opportunity.  I’m wishing for the opportunity … I’m hoping I will get it.

Edward Boyle

CEO, Managing Broker

Katchen Company

Katchen Company, founded in 1962, is an integrated real estate company with its corporate headquarters in Lakewood, Colorado. The company offers real estate development, redevelopment, property management, brokerage, consulting services, construction oversight and maintenance services to individual and institutional real estate investors throughout the greater Denver metropolitan area in Denver with satellite offices in Chicago, Las Vegas and Miami market areas.

It’s no big deal

Tuesday, September 13th, 2011

I was listening to the news the other day and heard the reporter exclaim that the stock market had dropped another 7 percent in August and cost investors over one trillion dollars.  He went on to report on other news without skipping a beat, like it was no big deal.  One trillion dollars, that comes out to $3,333 for every man, women and child in this country.  Maybe to some people one trillion dollars isn’t a big deal.  Take the US government and our political leaders, for instance, who just approved a federal budget deficit of 1.2 trillion dollars like it was no big deal.  Oh sure, there was political posturing to make it look like it was a big deal but that was all a show to save their political career in the next election cycle.

To put a little perspective on what a trillion dollars is let’s look at the guy on the street working his minimum wage job.  He would have to work 66,312,997 years without spending a penny to earn one trillion dollars.  What’s that you say, he could invest the money and with interest from investments he’d be able to accomplish it much sooner.  Oh, that is true unless he was unlucky enough to have his money invested in the stock market when it lost 7 percent in August.  Just think, if our imaginary guy could have live long enough to earn that trillion dollars and invested it into the stock he certainly would have died of a broken heart when he lost it all in the stock market.

Don’t get me wrong, I believe that over time investments in the stock market can produce profits.  However, I don’t believe that it is wise to place all your investment dollars into one investment vehicle.  Even the talking heads on television speak about diversification, but they talk about diversifying into stocks, bonds and paper and don’t mention other types of investments.  What other investments are out there?  My favorite investment is real estate.  Okay I have to disclose, just like the talking heads make their living form those people who invest in the stock market I make my living from those people who invest in real estate.

But real estate is a different type of investment from those traded in the stock market.  While you can invest in a REIT, a publicly traded company that invests in real estate, you can also invest in a single property with or without partners.  Beginning real estate investors are those people who choose to purchase a home rather than pay rent.  More advanced real estate investors purchase duplexes, apartments, office, retail or industrial buildings.  The beauty about the more advanced real estate investments over the beginning home purchase is that with the home purchase you as the investor are working each day to earn the money necessary to pay off the loan on the property where with the more advance real estate purchase your renter is working every day to help you pay off your loan.  Just think, rain or shine, day after day, week after week, month after month, and year after year whether you are working or not your renter is so that you can pay your loan.

There is the argument that the same thing is occurring when you are invested in the stock market and while that is true, try to go out and place your hands on one thing that you own when invested in a stock.  Let’s say you own shares of Coca Cola, can you walk up to any one item used in the bottling or delivery of that product and say that it is yours.  No, not really because your investment is in the earning potential of that company and not its physical assets.  With real estate you
can drive by that shopping center you have an ownership interest in and actually say that X percent of that center is mine and while today I’m getting rent from the tenants one day my investment group will sell it and I will get my share of the sells proceeds.  Most certainly the price the property is sold for will be much higher than the day it was purchase.  Try doing that with your investments in the stock market.  No big deal you say.  I say, think about the trillion dollars.

Outsourcing … it’s not always about sending jobs overseas

Tuesday, September 6th, 2011

Outsourcing has become one of those words that raise the hair on the back of union workers necks.  Politicians have given the word outsourcing a bad rap as they blame each other for taking away American jobs. While outsourcing is about saving money it isn’t always about sending jobs overseas.  Outsourcing is one way for a small firm to compete with much larger firms.

My firm’s commercial real estate development division is a good example of how outsourcing can be used to save on overhead and still compete with much larger developers.  As a boutique firm we don’t have a long pipeline of projects in different phases of development and can’t justify employing a full time architect, electrical engineer or mechanical engineer.  Instead we outsource those portions of the development process and provide professional oversight of their work product.  This technique provides the additional benefit of being able to select design people that are best suited to a particular project rather than having to rely on a staff designer’s ability to adapt to varying scopes of work.

However, outsourcing isn’t just for times when a firm needs individuals in a skilled trade, it can also be used for semi-skilled and non-skilled services.  The most basic example is when a firm hires an outside company to provide cleaning or
maintenance services rather than employing its own staff.  Utilizing outside vendors for semi-skilled and non-skilled services can make sense even if it may be slightly more expensive than a firm hiring their own people as it can reduce the work load of operational and accounting staff who can than utilize their time elsewhere.

The biggest argument in support of outsourcing services is that it allows a firm to concentrate on their core product or service.  I’m an avid believer that a firm should concentrate on what they do best and outsource the rest.  This statement holds true for the companies that you are considering to hire to provide services.  The value they can provide to you is through the economies of scale they gain in concentrating their efforts in a minimal number of related disciplines.  For
example, my firm’s services are marketed only towards commercial property owners and managers.  While the skill set our staff has would make it possible to services single family residential property owners or managers, our infrastructure is not set up to accommodate their needs.  Likewise, a firm marketing towards single family residential could not service commercial properties as effectively as they do single family properties.

With the challenges that a slow economy places upon firms today, it is a great opportunity to consider outsourcing as part of your firm’s employment strategy.  As the economy starts to expand outsourcing can still be an effective way to utilize your firm’s resources to do what you do best.

Throw the bums out!

Tuesday, July 26th, 2011

After the events of the last few months in Washington DC you might think that I’m suggesting we throw out all the inept politicians, however, while I’d certainly like to voice my feelings regarding spending and taxes I’ll leave that debate to the “talking heads” that make a living through biased reporting of the facts.  Instead, today I’m writing about the enforcement of commercial property leases.

In the last couple of years I’ve seen a growing tendency of property owners being reluctant to enforce their leases because they fear the potential loss of revenue in the event such action leads to an eviction.  This is hardly new ground for most
owner/investors as vacancy is just one of the many costs of doing business.  Lease enforcement falls into two distinct categories, 1) payment of financial obligations and 2) rules of operational behavior.

The first category, payment of financial obligations, seems like a straight forward issue but in an economic environment where even the best businesses are struggling there are no easy answers.  It usually starts with a good tenant being
slow in paying their rent and other fees due. The due date goes by and the owner’s representative posts the delinquent party with a demand for current obligations plus late fees.  It is obvious that unless something extraordinary occurs the next month’s financial obligations will be as late or later.  Over a series of months the leasing party gets further and further behind until payment of the month’s financial obligations is made at the very end of the month or not at all.  The owner’s representative is ready to enforce the lease and process for eviction but the owner is reluctant to proceed.   The owner reasons that perhaps if the leasing party is given a little time they will be able to get caught up and because it is easier to maintain an existing tenant then to obtain a new on the owner decides to delay lease enforcement. Several months without the tenant’s payment starts to place a burden on the property as other tenants hear through the “grape vine” that the tenant isn’t paying rent and no action is being taken. Slowly other tenants begin to make their payments later in the month, possibly because they are also having financial issues but likely also that they are aware that the owner is reluctant to enforce payment.  The owner has placed the property’s operation into a very precarious position.  As a property owner and property manager my opinion has always been to throw the bums out if they don’t pay.   By doing so you make a statement to the other tenants but you also maintain the integrity of the property’s lease document.

The second category, rules of operational behavior, isn’t as easy to administer as there are varying levels of non-compliance.  Some are as simple as store hours of operation but others are more complex such as selling merchandise that another
tenant has an exclusive right to sell or failure to continually operate the store, “going dark” as we say in the industry.  The violation occurs and the owner’s representative posts a demand for compliance to the violating party.  The party persists in the illicit activity and the owner’s representative wants to take further action but the owner is again reluctant as a tenant paying rent is better than a vacant space.  As the rouge tenants activities become known by other tenants there is a change in attitude from other tenants who feel they are also entitled to stray from the lease rules.  Again, as a property owner and property manager my opinion has always been to throw the bums out if they won’t honor the rules of operational behavior.

I recognize that high vacancy makes it difficult to operate
a commercial property; however, tenants who don’t pay rent or follow the rules
have no respect for the property, other tenants or customers and are a
detriment to leasing vacant spaces.  It
is far better to throw the bums out and look for a new tenant than to try to salvage
a bad one.  As my mom use to say, “One
bad apple spoils the whole barrel”.

“PO Boy” is the name of a sandwich, not the operating strategy for commercial real estate.

Tuesday, June 14th, 2011

The longer I’ve been in the real estate business the more amazed I am at the number of real estate investors that just don’t get it.  They just don’t understand that in order to maintain their real estate investment’s cash flow and increase its value over time they must reinvest into their property.  Certainly, it goes without saying that they must make the repairs that are needed because of day-to-day wear and tear, but they also must make the capital repairs and replacements that extend the life of their property.

I was recently contacted by an owner of an office building who was experiencing high vacancy on his class “C” building and was looking for answers.  During our conversation I discovered that he’d purchased the property within the last three years and it was fully occupied at the time of closing.  To reduce expenses he had chosen to self-manage the property and perform any maintenance needed himself.  As a busy business executive he found little time for tenant relations, day-to-day maintenance or paperwork.  Within a very short time his property began a downward spiral that continues today.

The decline started when the owner didn’t have time to pick up and maintain the exterior landscape and parking lot.  Soon he was even further behind and the hallways and restrooms went unattended.  Trying to recover from these deficiencies but still keep expenses down he hired a family friend to provide janitorial and porter services.  When this individual didn’t perform as expected, the owner didn’t complain for fear of damaging a personal relationship.  Because the owner didn’t have time for tenant relationship building he wasn’t aware that the tenants were becoming upset by the building’s appearance.  The tenants tried to get the owner’s attention by delaying or not paying rent.   Too busy for paperwork the owner didn’t notice the lack of revenue until there weren’t adequate funds to pay the mortgage some months later.  Still wanting to keep expenses down and at this point really needing to, the owner enlisted the aid of one of a family member to get the paperwork in order.  When this individual started knocking on doors to collect rent it was discovered that some of the tenants had already vacated the building.  Promises were made to the remaining tenants but because the family member lacked experience these promises went unfulfilled and more tenants vacated the building.

The owner was now desperate to find a way to recover from his mistakes.  He wanted to employ Katchen Company to provide property management and leasing services.  I told him I would only take on the project if he was ready to invest into his property.  Walking the property with the owner I pointed out over fifty maintenance issues that needed immediate attention.  These issues needed to be addressed to maintain the few remaining tenants but also to create “curb appeal” to attract new tenants.  The owner agreed that the work needed to be done, but he was still concerned about keeping costs to a minimum.  He asked that he be able to bring in some people he knew to do the work.  I agreed to give him the opportunity to get the work done for less but stipulated that it be completed in one week.  If the work was not completed I’d bring in a team of my vendors to get the work done.

The owner, his family friends and family members all had the best intentions but lacked the skills needed to manage and maintain the property.  There was no sense of urgency to get the job done until the property was experiencing substantial financial stress.  Even with a shrinking cash flow from the few tenants that remained the owner was still trying to keep expenses down by utilizing friends to perform the needed maintenance.  Needless to say, the owner’s friends didn’t come through and I had to bring in my team of approved vendors to perform the required repairs.  Even in the face of eminent disaster the owner was still trying to “Po Boy” the property.  I like this owner and his family and have committed to help them turn their property around.  It will require a considerable amount of patience from me and an equal amount of latitude from the owner as he adapts to a new operating strategy.

There is a real lesson to be learned in this story.  While an owner can save money by performing the property management and maintenance themselves, they must have the time available and skills to perform the required tasks.  If they don’t have both available, an owner should enlist the aid of a professional.  After all, “Po Boy” is the name of a sandwich, not the operating strategy for commercial real estate.